Lord of Sipán
From Wiki Sumaq Peru
In 1987 archaeologist Walter Alva made the scientist-historical recovery of the most important archaeological enclosures as far as human and arquitectonic rest in Peru. These belonged to Mr. Mochica who governed expectacular valley costeño of Lambayeque located in the north of Peru in the department of the same name. This administrator of the culture hbría governed the valley between centuries II and III of ours was, and that after the discovery of its rest has been known like the "Mr. of Sipán".
The efforts to recover the valuable enclosures and the main funeral cameras were promoted by the archaeologist and investigator Walter Alva Alva, who is a vigilant sigiloso of these ruins from his discovery and is that that has been in charge to direct to the museum "Real Tombs of Sipán" where are the main pieces and descubirmientos in order to conserve them like a great cultural patrimony. The rest of Mr. de Sipán have crossed everybody being one of the human but well-taken care of and but overwhelming vestiges by the quality of the ornamentos that accompanied it in their grave.
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History
The culture Moche or Mochica development throughout in the North strip of the Peruvian coast. Here the archaeological rest of this culture in temples, pyramids have been located expressed you truncate, palaces, works of irrigation, fortifications and cemeteries, with elements characteristic of this. During the development of the Moche, between centuries I and VII, one obtained great technological, artistic advances and of social organization.
One of the main mochicas profits was the implementation of slight knowledge on hydraulic engineering al to use irrigation channels that allowed to consolidate an economic base based on the agricultural development and the use of marine resources. In addition the mochica metallurgy, allowed to create objects with the use of copper; a use very previous to the dice in Europe many centuries later.
In the social base of the Mochica culture were the soldiers. These exerted had to be able, political dominion and prevents territorial; these workings were practical professionals. In addition they managed to create complex military constructions located in valleys and walls that surrounded the señoríos and small kingdoms.
The Mochica culture had a special cosmovisión in its perception on the death. For them the death was not the end, was a part of the life in another sphere, by this in the grave it counted on provisions and goods that could be used by the person during their way. By the type of offerings or goods which they accompanied the body it reflected the functions that had carried out the person in the world and the society.
Before the discovery of the "Tombs of Sipán", one thought that the cosmovisión Mochica represented in its art was part of the imagination of people by the escpectacularidad of the events shown in the huacos and paintings of the culture. Once stated the existence of emblems and ornamentos before seen single in the artisticas expressions, one went to the hypothesis that the reviews in the Mochica art correspond to real facts of this culture.
Thanks to this hypothesis Mr. of Sipán postulates itself that the tomb found with the greater amount of ornamentos is the one of the gentleman of the valley, denominated, by his hierarchy. One thinks that this gentleman occupied the peak of the social and political hierarchy like a demigod. In their tomb were orejeras of high value, hairdos and túnicas among other objects.
On the Mr. of Sipán, Walter Alva says that "his deteriorated bones he allows us to know that average of 40 years died to an age and that, with exception of incipiente arthritis, enjoyed good health. Its corpórea structure demonstrates to little physical work and the little dental wearing down speech of a special diet.
This allowed him to reach a stature of 1,67 ms (high for its time). The physical particularitities that show indicate to a special form of life and hereditary characters: it had to integrate a chaste one of noble men who inherited the power."
Historical Recovery
The archaeological site of Sipán has been recovered thanks to the effort of many specialists and archaeologists who in have made great workings of restoration of the pyramids you truncate and of the human elements and goldsmiths that found a after many months of duro job they have been able to reveal to the world many rest and old constructions of high cultural value. Between these the worked and taken care of enclosures more were: Tumba of the Priest, the one of the Old Mr. of Sipán and the one of Mr. de Sipán.
Between the archaeological complex have been diverse platforms whose possible uses were religious or social and whose access was given by inclines. At the present time a characterization in the museum becomes "Real Tombs of Sipán" in which the personage who represents Mr. de Sipán descends by one from the inclines from his aposentos towards the esplanade where are the guerros and the town moche. Thanks to this characterization the spectators can occur to an idea of the use and the customs of the Moche culture. In one of the found platforms were the "Real Tombs".
By these findings it has been possible to establish a chronological sequence with the use of the constructions and the funeral contexts that serve like material testimonies of the Mochica society. The documentary registry was the key tool for the compression of the culture and society, being based on iconográficas and stylistic interpretations in addition to isolated architectonic observations.
When the tombs were revealed I generate a special preoccupation by the immediate conservation of the elements of orfebrería and metallurgy that could be damaged by the corrosion and the transformation of metals in oxides and carbonates. In order to take the work of restoration effectively I ask for the support of international the scientific community and was as well as in 1987 the Dr To put Schar and the restauradora Maiken Fecht of the Germanic Roman Central Museum of Mainz in Germany visited the complex of Sipán. Thus the pieces crossed the Atlantic sea and it began the process of restoration and recovery.
The Tomb of Sipan
Within the tomb of the Mr. of Sipán, were different placed objects from orfebrería strategically and with extreme taken care of to take care of the ritual asylum. Were ornamentos that were placed underneath the skull; prote'ge's by laminated gold pieces that covered the chin. These were made to cover the neck in their superior part, the chin and the cheeks leaving a soltura for the nose. In addition they counted on some reliefs to place the mouth and you fold them face. By his difficult use it is thought that they were made single for the posthumous processes and does not stop the use in the daily life.
Next to these ornamentos were two orejeras with figures of deer. The figures were worked finely in turquesas and gold, and decorated with an edge of 38 delicate gold spheres perfectly welded and. Also one was, on the foot of covers chin, two narigueras of slightly convex gold in increasing moon form that completed the majesty of the findings.
The enclosure was covered with wood planks that with time accumulated a great amount of dust earth under them. Underneath these ceramic 29 planks were Mochicas had next to the body the Mr. of Sipán carefully. These with time and the weight exerted by the wood and the accumulated Earth during hundreds of years, went away fragmenting by the pressure.
Inside them were evidence of organic rest and drinks that are created were placed like ofrendadas. The sarcófagos were covered by three wood covers united by link belts of 3 cm. in thickness, done with copper that formed mooring cables in four aligned points; indication of an excellent technique of carpentry and metallurgy.
Under the wood tables of sarcófago main, was a human figure with the arms extended in form of angles. This had a pair pectoral finely worked and that was superposed without a visible separation. Under these they were, on the chest, 16 slightly convex heavy gold discs and with two holes, one in each side of the disc, that with the use of some type of thread or filament could integrated an impressive necklace of a gross weight of 407 grams.
In addition were two types of blades, one in each hand, denominated like "Tumis"; one era of gold and was in the right hand and the other era of silver and was in the left hand. Also were four bones that accompanied the main corpse by the Mr. of Sipán. These had original cane coffins, but this material with him passage of time I disintegrate myself reason why there are no rest of such at the present time. Between the bones was the one of a woman of about 20 years who used a pectoral one of shells of fan in the chest, like the soldiers who used this same piece of orfebrería and who are one of the most known in the located museum in Lambayeque: Museum Real Tombs of Sipán.
References
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